Learning Styles, Multiple Intelligence and Deep Learning

â€Å"Different strokes for different folks† Everyone has their own way of approaching life. As early as Ancient Greece, Plato, Aristotle and Hippocrates recorded theories on personality (Ellis, 2009). Some educators are seeing students benefiting by incorporating Learning Style and Multiple Intelligence theories in the classroom. By applying various learning styles and Multiple Intelligence theories in education, students are more likely to be motivated to learn at a deeper level. Intelligence is dominated by a single general ability and uses several different classifications for intelligence: Musical, Visual, Verbal, Logical, Bodily, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic and Existential (Gardner 1991). Individual students process and remember and learn in different ways and further recommends the educational system which primarily teach in in linguistic styles and secondarily logical methods, learning styles should incorporate various outlets to engage students with different multiple intelligences (Gardner 1991). There is no scientific evidence supporting benefits to learning styles, however there is evidence that proves giving students various outlets to receive the information, improves learning (Edutopia, 2013). Intelligence is not a sole ability, engaging various outlets of learning engage students to use to use multiple intelligences to solve problems. Learned material is not to be learned and forgotten, in order for deep learning to occur,Show MoreRelatedGardners Theory of Intelligence Essay626 Words   |  3 PagesGardners Theory of Intelligence Gardners theory suggests that within each human there are a variety of intelligence areas that one may succeed within. He places titles upon these areas, which include logical mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. These categories allot for people who are better in certain areas For example, a person may be very good at playing an instrument (musical), however that same person may be horrible atRead MoreCase Study : Child And Adolescent Development1499 Words   |  6 PagesHoward’s theory consisted of seven multiple intelligences to start with and then two more would be added on in the end. Gardner believes that having â€Å"seven kinds of intelligence would allow seven ways to teach, rather than one.†(Smith, Mark K. (2002, 2008)) Gardner states that â€Å"the theory is an account of human cognition in its fullness. The intelligences provided ‘a new definition of human nature, cognitively speakingâ €™ (Gardner 1999: 44).†Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as ‘the capacity to solve problemsRead MoreEvaluation Of Children s Learning Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesContext for learning In this sun safety unit, it will require children to participate in different contexts to benefit their learning. These include: - Real Life engagements - Routines transitions - Intentional teaching - Play Grouping The activities involved in this plan require children to work as an individual, pairs and as a whole class, however these activities are flexible and could be changed to suit different grouping. Connections This sun safety unit for kindergarten students is ableRead MoreThe Assessment Of Multiple Intelligence, Preferred Learning Style And Left Right Brain1734 Words   |  7 Pagesthe three assessments of multiple intelligence, preferred learning style and left right brain I believe that multiple intelligences was the most accurate assessment. The assessment is designed to help work out in what ways you are intelligent, such as logical, linguistic, visual, musical intrapersonal, interpersonal, and kinaesthetic and naturalistic. The testing process for this assessment involved and number of questions, using your answers to gauge what intelligences are dominant for you. MyRead MoreTeaching Students With A Wide Array Of Abilities1718 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom, students learning abilities can greatly differ from students practicing in below grade level work to above grade level work. For instance, in a third grade class made of 26 children, you will find that their reading abilities differ immensely in level. One of your students may be reading at a kindergarten level, while another is reading beyond a fifth grade level. In cases such as these, the teacher needs to find ways to adapt lesson plans to meet the learning abilities of both theseRead MoreAdult Learning Is The Acquisition Of Knowledge By Adults1396 Words    |  6 Pages05-01-2016 Adult learning is the acquisition of knowledge by adults. Theories on adult learning have been discoursed and analyzed thoroughly by different people, with the aim of trying to define it and optimize it. The two articles I have read describe adult learning, discuss its characteristics and explain various approaches and means of optimization of this subject. Abstract 1 Basically, this article by Malcolm Knowles is a conglomerate of all aspects of adult learning. It outlines aspectsRead MoreEssay about Gardner and Zigler1004 Words   |  5 Pagesp. 80-83). This background led to a long career in psychology. Gardner helped to define the role of the right hemisphere of the brain and its importance in language development, artistic talent and creative styles (Gardner, 2003, p. 82). Gardner also proposed the idea of multiple intelligences which theorizes there is a large range of cognitive abilities (Gardner, 2003, p. 83). He eventually took this work and his ideas and applied them within the education system of the United States. Edward ZiglerRead MoreHoward Gardners Theory on Multiple Intelligence1017 Words   |  5 PagesTHEORY ON MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE Howard Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania) is an American developmental psychologist who is John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences. Multiple intelligences is an idea that simply states that human beings have many different ways to learn and process information, or intelligences. In responseRead More Individual Learning Styles Essay3520 Words   |  15 PagesIndividual Learning Styles The purpose of this research paper is to examine learning styles theories to determine if teaching students to use their own particular learning style can help ail them in increased educational success. The learning style aspect consists of six key areas including brain processing, sensory modalities, physical needs, environmental preferences, social aspects, and attitudes. Besides the way a person operates, there are two other important factors that play a key roleRead MoreSchool And Education Is Not Something That Happens Effortlessly1712 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggled to ascertain these basic concepts myself. I started out behind, unable to grasp how to fold my tongue properly doing the basic task of speaking until age five. At the commencement of elementary school, I was already behind and frustrated with learning everything at once, but not being connected to each other was a nonstop hurricane. Every time I felt I had grasped one concept here would be this 50-foot wave coming from another subject entirely crashing around me. All the struggles I had, I soon

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 907 Words

What can a character that lived in 1700s Italy have in common with a teenager in the 1960s? Though it may seem impossible Edgar Allan Poe’s character Montresor in The Cask of Amontillado shares similar characteristics to John Updike’s AP teenage Sammy. Both of these characters share sarcastic tendencies and a need to make a name of himself. Though, each man differs in the way he goes about making that name. While Montresor decides murder is the way, Sammy quits his job to be noticed. One way that Montresor and Sammy are similar is that they are both extremely sarcastic. While Montresor’s sarcasm tends to be on the ironic side and Sammy’s is making fun of the customers it is very apparent that they think they are better. Montresor clearly believes that he is better than Fortunato and deserves a better life than he. He points out that Fortunato is wearing a fools hat which merrily jingles as Fortunato is lead to his death. This fools cap seems to be fitting as Fortunato is represented as being a fool. Montresor says that he was a sham in all other subjects except â€Å"in the matter of old wines he was sincere†(Poe 1341). Fortunato also never seems to notice that Montresor was angry with him and willingly walked into his own death trap for a taste of rare wine. Montresor’s irony shows more and more as they go deeper into the catacombs. While walking Fortunato dissolves into a fit of coughing and protests turning around saying â€Å"I shall not die of a cough.† â€Å"True – true,† IShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Social Security Policy Free Essays

New Labour promised to halve child poverty by 2010 and to eradicate it by 2020, (Walker, 1999). Social security is not merely about poverty relief, as the relief of poverty requires more than just social security reform, it is important to address the position of social security policy at present to see whether Labour can live up to this rather ambitious target it has set. The term ‘Social Security’ is used to refer to the range of policies which aim to transfer cash resources between individuals and families. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Security Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is concerned with policies which govern the redistribution of resources within society. After coming to power in 1997 the Labour government reviewed the key principles of social security policy. They developed the ‘Welfare to Work’ strategy, as they want people of working age to look for employment within the labour market and avoid dependence on the state. The maintenance of a high and stable level of employment was one of the fundamental assumptions of the Beveridge report, and an objective to which all governments were positively committed after 1944 (Lowe, 1993). Hills (1997) argues that since Beveridge, the objectives of social security have never been set out in a way allowing measurement of whether benefit levels are adequate to meet their aims. The original aim of the National Insurance system as introduced following the recommendations of the Beveridge report in 1948 was to set up a system of subsistence level flat-rate social insurance benefits which were intended to cover all the main causes of inability to earn, such as old age, sickness, unemployment, widowhood and orphanhood. It also included virtually the whole body of the populations, whether employed, self- employed or non- employed, as far as possible in the same terms (Sleeman, 1979). Changes in the welfare system have been needed for a variety of reasons, society has changed, and policies need to change to keep in tune with this, these changes include changing families, working women, an ageing society and rising expectations (Giddens, 1998; Hills, 1997). In the UK, the earliest form of social security was the Poor Law which was based around discretionary payments related to individuals’ assessment of need, and this continued to play a part in the delivery of many means- tested benefits until the last two decades of the twentieth century (Alcock, 2003). The Elizabethan Poor Law (1598) distinguished between the deserving and undeserving, this is something which is still reflected in Social Security policy; Hewitt and Powell (2002) point out how the use of contracts can be taken back to the deserving and undeserving poor, only now the terms being used are responsible and irresponsible; and this is reflected in the ‘Security for those who cannot’ (DSS 1998)- which means no security for those who can but do not. Another similarity between the poor law and the modern welfare state is that Parishes excluded the traveling poor from its boundaries; this is still evident today with the treatment of travelers and the single homeless. This argument is supported by Hills and Gardiner (1997). Within Social Security, Employment policy occupies a crucial position in the post- war reconstruction, and without which the welfare state could not exist. Full employment would both finance the development of the welfare state, and government welfare policy would help to maintain economic growth. Barr (1993) has outlined three social aims of state intervention in income distribution; the relief of poverty in order to protect a minimum income standard was the first. The second is the protection of accustomed living standards to ensure that none has to face an unexpected and unacceptably large drop in their standard of living and the third is, smoothing out income over the life cycle. However, as pointed out by Glennerster and Hills these three interact, the balance between them and the responsibility of the state can differ over time and between countries. The aims of Social Security policy are not merely to be measured in income terms. Social and political participation may be seen as important civic virtues by a broad spectrum of political opinion. Social Security maintains a standard of living that supports inclusiveness (Townsend 1979), the consequences of failure in this respect is ‘social exclusion’. The miseries of unemployment in a work- ethic society are well- documented by Sinfield, (1981). To these are added the harassment and insecurity of dependence on means tested welfare (Bradshaw and Deacon,1983) and the despair of living at a standard of living which steadily falls behind that of the working class in work. (Taylor- Gooby, 1985). Glennerster (1999) has criticized the critics, arguing that paid work brings dignity and respect. Social welfare imposes controls on society, social security regulations distinguish those who do and do not deserve support. As pointed out by Taylor- Gooby (1985) regulations which ensure that a household head is usually responsible for the living standards of family members defined as dependents encourage a certain household pattern. Social Security is traditionally divided into a contributory and a non- contributory sector, the former covers benefits such as sickness benefits, unemployment benefits, retirement pension, widows’ benefit- those regarded as the important benefits. In the latter most benefits are allocated to those who can prove that they do through a mean test. Eligibility for social security has two elements, the first being the formal rules and regulations governing provision of benefits and secondly the perceptions of eligibility held by claimants and potential claimants. The contributory principle, whereby National Insurance benefits are linked to earnings established under rules of eligibility which disproportionately excludes those in intermittent or low paid work, those with a higher risk of unemployment as well as recent migrants. The establishment of such policy on the basis of a White, Male norm thereby formally excluded many of those in minority ethnic group from social citizenship rights to such benefits (Amin and Oppenheim, 1992). Post war welfare reforms and immigration legislation have continued to institutionalize racially exclusionary rules which determine eligibility to welfare benefits these include residence tests, rules on ‘recourse to public funds’ and sponsorship conditions. This is well documented in the case of asylum seekers in Britain. Compared with some of the other developed industrial countries, Britain has been relatively successful in establishing a general and comprehensive welfare floor. (Sleeman, 1979) As argued by Hills (1997) benefits for those without work may ameliorate their immediate position but they do not solve the problem. A prime aim of social security policy should be for claimants, where possible to find independent sources of income. While the overall level of employment depends on wider economic factors, the social security structure may discourage employment under some circumstances. Under the Conservatives, due to rising unemployment and the recession in the early 1990’s changes were made to social security policy with regards to the unemployed. Not only did the costs of paying unemployed people’s mortgages reduced, but Income support (IS) payments for mortgages were withdrawn for the first nine months of unemployment. In 1996 Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) was created when contributory unemployment benefit and means- tested Income support were merged. With JSA for the first six months of unemployment there would be a contributory basis and after that it would be means- tested. It was decided that those under the age of 25 would receive a lower rate of benefit and that contract would be introduced between claimants and the benefits agency to formalise job searches and training criteria, as well as establishing availability for work. With regards to means tested benefits, we have all heard politicians expressing their concerns about benefit ‘dependency’. According to Glennerster and Hills (1998) unemployment benefit has been the largest single source of growth in means- tested populations, followed by lone parenthood. A major theme of policy has been to sustain a gap between income and benefits and in work to ensure incentives to work in the face of increasing levels of unemployment, decreasing relative levels of wages for the unskilled, and increased part- time and temporary working, Benefit policy has been changed to both decrease relative value of benefits for the unemployed and to increase use of means testing. This leads to two problems for ensuring incentives to work: one is to ensure that benefit rates are not close to or greater than in- work income and to ensure that those who are working on the margins of benefit entitlement are able to improve their incomes through work. The side- effect of means testing is that benefit is reduced as income rises alongside the incidence of tax and social security contributions on increased earnings. As benefits have fallen relative to incomes over time, the incentives to work, therefore, in general have been improved (Glennerster and Hills, 1998). The main theme of social security policy is ‘work for those who can; security for those who cannot’. Which consist of a rights and responsibilities discourse. Those who cannot work have a right to security. However, for those who can work, the right to benefit is more conditional. The basic philosophy is that work is the best route out of poverty. ‘Making work pay’ includes a national minimum wage, tax reform such as Working families tax credits and nursery credits, which increase the return from low paid work and reduce the poverty trap. The government aims to achieve full employment, instead of paying people in poverty more benefit, New labour will redistribute opportunities and take a preventative approach, giving people the skills to escape poverty. Within Social Security policy is employment centred social policy which is based around the ‘New Deal’ programmes; which target different groups. For example for young unemployed people there are four choices; education; a subsidized private sector job; a voluntary sector job or an environmental task force; the opportunity for sitting at home on benefits is not an option, as benefits will be reduced. For lone parents there are no penalties for not taking up employment, although they do have to attend work- focused interviews, in order to make them aware of the opportunities available to them. With regards to pensioners; pensions are uprated by prices rather than earning, the poorest pensioners do have a means- tested minimum pension guarantee that ties in with the increase in earnings. This represents a move from Universalism to selectivity. This also means that gradually pensioners will carry on falling behind workers (Powell and Hewitt, 2002). This in itself demonstrates the lack of respect for the elderly, and the fuels the argument that once someone passes working age, they are no longer deemed an integral part of society, and are pushed out of mainstream society. This essay aims to look at the provisions in place for younger people, of working age, for whom the government are trying to move into the labour market. What New Labour is trying to aim for is an active, preventative and intelligent rather than passive welfare state that encourages people to realize their potential rather than being chained to passive dependency (Powell and Hewitt, 2002). The bulk of National Insurance expenditure is on pensions, whereas for sickness and unemployment contributory benefits do still apply. JSA covers unemployment, for the first six months there is non- means tested support for hose who meet the NI contribution conditions and is linked to an agreement by claimants to take steps to secure a return to the labor market. Jobseekers allowance is no longer an Insurance benefit for the unemployed, after six months claimants remain on the benefit, and are subject to the same job search criteria, but their benefit moves onto a means- tested basis, which means any other resources (income from a partner) will reduce one’s overall entitlement. In practical terms, means- tested JSA is Income support, given another title, as Income support has for some time been payable to unemployed claimants not covered by National Insurance benefits. It is still available for those out of work, who are not required to seek work under JSA rules, such as lone parents and people with disabilities and Carers. ‘Income support is a minimum income scheme for British citizens’ (Alcock, 2003), payable only to those who are out of full- time employment (16 hours a week) and is reduced if there are any earning or any capital above à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3000 in total. Housing costs are not covered, but claimants who pay rent can apply to their local council for housing benefit and council tax benefit, in some cases interest payments on mortgage debts are covered. For children of parents who are in receipt of Income Support or means- tested JSA free school meals are available. A major feature of social security protection was once sickness, but in the 1980’s , under the Tories support for short term sickness (up to six months) was shifted to employment, employers were expected to pay workers a minimum level, whilst they were off sick. After six months, claimants with chronic illness or disability move to Incapacity benefit (NI protection) if they meet the contribution conditions with a medical test, which requires they are incapable of ‘all work’. For those who do not satisfy the contribution condition, they are paid Income Support which is means- tested, as long as they can satisfy the conditions for Incapacity Benefit. For those in low wage employment means- tested support is also available through tax credits, payable through employers, administered by the Inland Revenue. Alcock (2003) argues that there has been a significant shift in the operation of means – tested benefits under the Labour government since 1997. Family Credit was replaced by Working Families Tax Credit, made available to a wider range of low- income families. Not only does this act as a supplement to the wages of low income workers with dependent children, it also aims to make low paid work seem more attractive, to encourage labour market participation as part of the governments commitment to promote employment. The most important of the Universal benefits is child benefit which is paid to all parent or guardians to help them with the cost or rearing children. Critics would argue that, like all Universal services, Child benefit is a waste of public resources by paying benefit to wealthy parents, who do not need this money like poorer parents do. The benefit of Universal benefits is that there is no stigma attached to being in receipt of it. Jones and Novak (1999) argue that the whole benefits system operates to control and discipline citizens rather than support and protect them. There are a number of different theories and ideologies of welfare, the main traditional theories are the Classical Liberal theory; Marxist theories and Fabian theories. Classical liberal theories are based around ideas that see freedom as absence of coercion rather than protection from misfortune and hardship. Within classical liberal thinking there are two contrasting views on the state. Traditional or negative liberal defend the individual liberty while challenging what they perceive as the arbitrary misuse of power. Negative liberals say the role of the state should be minimal. On the other hand there are positive liberals who say that the state can adopt a more constructive role in dealing with social problems. Both positive and negative liberal thinking have been influential on the modern British Conservative party. It is important to make the distinction that not all classical liberals are opposed to the welfare state. Classical liberal theory points out that unwarranted state intervention will only amplify social and economic problems since the market system will be less efficient and economic growth will slow. It is also believed that individual freedom is of paramount importance and any attempt by the state to provide fiscal help to the poor compromises that individual freedom, this is said to be done in two ways; the first is by asking those who earn wages to pay extra taxes to support the poor and secondly, by creating the conditions under which poor individuals and the state will have a relationship of dependency. Classical liberals regard the causes of poverty to be personal, rather than structural; poverty is traced to personal feelings rather than to failings of the political or economic systems. They go on to say that individual rights must be preserved at all times, and go as far to say that people have the ‘right’ to be poor. Barnett (1986) stated that the welfare state was necessary for a short time, following the problems created by the Second World War; that those who supported it did not take a long term view of the countries economic needs. The welfare state is no longer beneficial. A recurring objection to the welfare state is the belief that services provide benefit to those who do not need it; such as child benefit, which is a universal benefit and it paid to everyone, regardless of earning, some would see this as a waste. Sidney and Beatrice Webb were influential figures in Fabianism, they believed that collective welfare through the state was not only essential, but an inevitable development within British capitalist society. An early example of the influence of Fabian thinking was with regards to the Poor Laws, whereby in 1905 the Royal Commission was set up to review the old Victorian support system. The significance of this was the governments’ recognition that it had to implement major changes to the welfare state. Fabianism is a variant of British Socialism. The ‘New Left’ is a term used to describe a broad range of differing approaches to social structure and social policy from a Marxist perspective. In general many agreed that the achievement of the welfare state in Britain was neither as desirable nor as successful as had been assumed. Marxists argued that the welfare state had not been successful in solving the social problems or the poor and of the broader working class, in practice the welfare state supported capitalism, as opposed to challenging it (Ginsburg, 1979) The New Left has been criticized for its theoretical assumptions of the assumed desirability of state welfare services, arguing that for many of the working class social security was seen as being oppressive and stigmatizing. Hayek (1944) argues that despite the overwhelming influence of Fabianism within social policy, right wing critics of state welfare had always argued against the interference of state provision with the workings of a capitalist market economy. This neo-liberal thinking was referred to by Fabians and the new left as the ‘New Right; as it was interested in returning to the classic liberal values of a laissez- faire state, which advocated for self- protecting families and communities. The main argument of the new right was that state intervention to provide welfare services, and the gradual expansion of these which Fabianism sought, merely drove up the cost of public expenditure to a point at which it began to interfere with the effective operation of a market economy (Bacon and Eltis, 1976). They claimed that this was a point that had already been reached in the 1970’s , where the high levels of taxation needed for welfare services managed to reduce profits, crippled investment and driven capital overseas (Alcock, 2003). Like the New Left, the New Right also challenged the desirability of state welfare in practice, arguing that free welfare services only encouraged dependency and provided no incentive for individuals and families to protect themselves through savings and insurance (Boyson, 1971). Hayek (1982) argued that state intervention involved unwanted interference with the freedom of individuals to organize their own lives. Neo- liberal thinking is opposed to extensive state intervention to provide public services; effectively they are opposed to the ‘welfare state’. They argue that it is undesirable on ideological, political and economic grounds; that is undesirable in theory and impossible in practice. Their ideological objections to it revolve around their concern about dependency culture; by providing welfare through the state, individuals are discouraged from providing these for themselves and their families, which could in turn trap them into relying on others for support. Murray (2002) makes the point that in social security if everyone is going to be provided with a basic standard of living, this makes it an attractive option for individuals to choose this, rather than seeking paid employment. Which applies to means- tested benefits, whereby entitlement is related to an individuals’ income level, this means any increase in income means a loss in benefit. Economically speaking, the welfare state is undesirable because it interferes with the free working of the market, leading to failures in markets developing properly. Although neo- liberals argue that the welfare state is not practical, most recent neo- liberal theorists agree that a safety net should be in place, as it may still be needed. Neo- liberalism, therefore still remains within the mixed economy of welfare, which is found in all modern welfare capitalist countries (Alcock, 2003). Marxist theories are based around the idea of Marx (1970) whose claim was that capitalism is an inherently oppressive economic structure in which the working class are exploited by the capitalist class through the labour market. It is argued by Marxists that Socialism or Communism is the logical and desirable alternative to the failures of both capitalist markets and the welfare state. However, they do not provide any explanation as to how this is to be achieved, except that it needs to be done revolutionarily, rather than gradually and involves the overthrowing of the existing democratic governments. This ideology has never attracted much attention in Britain, making its political potential limited here. Marxists believe that the welfare state uses taxes paid by everyone to provide services and to foster the illusion that the state is altruistic and redistributiove, whereas in actual fact the stae is preserving and reinforcing certain norms and structural relationships. Ginsburg (1979) argued that institutions of welfare operated within British society to control and suppress people as well as to provide for them; arguing that the social security system in practice stigmatized claimants and forced them into low waged employment. This criticism of the British welfare state comes from a Marxist perspective. The strength of the Marxist critique of the welfare within Capitalism is its ability to demonstrate the contradictory nature of social policy as providing social control and social protection at the same time. In 1998, New labour developed a ‘third way’, Blair argued that both the right wing pro- market approaches and the old left’s support from state monopolistic services should be rejected in favour of a new (third way) which would be located between the state and the market. The new labour government was not interested in whether services were best provided by the state (the old, Fabian, left) or by the market (the right) instead it was looking to find the most effective way to meet social needs; which was a practical judgement based on empirical evidence of effectiveness. Hills (1997) has pointed out that some benefits, such as child benefit, state pension and unemployment benefit for some, go to people unaffected by means- testing, and argues that further means- testing would allow spending to be better targeted. Some have argued that elimination of universal benefits would free up sizeable sums of money, which could then be spent on those that need it the most, which would mean for New Labour that they could go a little further to achieve its targeted with regards to child poverty. Eliminating Universal benefits would mean a substantial reduction in the overall cost of welfare spending, meaning the government could put more money into other areas such as the National Health Service. Social Security is the largest element of public expenditure, greater than both health and education, and accounts for 11 per cent of gross domestic product (Alcock, 2003). Social Security is an important aspect of our society, through state intervention individuals are provided with a basic standard of living, and kept out of absolute poverty. An interesting Marxist theory of the purpose of the welfare state states that the state maintains a ‘reserve army of labour’ , through which a certain portion of society are kept out of work , but may be asked to join the labour force when needed. By providing these people with benefits (the unemployed, disabled and lone parents) the welfare state is serving capitalism by maintaining these groups who can be called upon at short notice. Marxists would argue that welfare constitutes social control and ‘polices’ the state. They claim that the unemployed and other members of the reserve army of labour are treated harshly, to remind others of the consequences of not working. Lowe(1999) points out that the history of postwar social security was riddled with contradictions. The promise of the Beveridge report was to realize the new ideal of social security, through a simplified system of state relief without resort to the unpopular means- test, aroused immense popular enthusiasm and lay at the heart of the new values and perspectives upon which the new welfare state was initially built. Yet within ten years the social security system was no longer popular. The means test did not wither away and the system started to become so complex that it became self defeating. Social Security has both positive and negative connotations, in practice it can be seen as a benefit and by others a cost (Alcock, 2003). How to cite Social Security Policy, Papers Social security policy Free Essays Social security policy is a major, convoluted issue in all societies. Millions of people are heavily reliant on social security as a means of support to achieve a basic standard of living. There is thought to be three main welfare regimes, in western society. We will write a custom essay sample on Social security policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now These regimes are corporate-conservative, socio-economic and liberal. This essay aims to give a brief description of these regimes in action, in relation to the USA, France and Sweden, respectively. Then, go on to compare the regimes, in relation to social security. It will take in to account unemployment, pensions and family policy. Social security is basically the procedure of benefits and transfers in the form of financial assistance as income maintenance which is funded by taxation and/or insurance contributions. (Baldock et al, 1999) There have been three principle types of welfare regime. These are corporatist-conservative, socio-democratic and liberal. The corporate-conservative regime is usually based on individual’s contributions, therefore very work-orientated. The socio-democratic regime is usually based on universal values. The liberal regime is usually residualist. This means that the welfare is seen more as a bag-up, only to provide for those who would not manage at all without it. (Esping-Anderson, 1990) France is an example of the corporatist-conservative regime in action. Social security is hinged on solidarity. In this context, it means mutual responsibility, shared risks and common action. It was first brought in to place by the introduction of a regime general for social and health security. This was then expanded. In the 1970’s additional measures were introduced to include all ‘excluded’ people. The most significant measure was introduced in 1988. This was called the Revenu Minimum d’Insertion. It amalgamated a rudimentary benefit with a personal contract for social inclusion. The French regime is somewhat expensive. The control of expenditure has become the focus of social policy. Pensions play a very prominent part as they are very costly. (www2. rgu. ac. uk/public policy/introduction/wstate. htm) The French regime basically advocates the rights are in accordance status and class. Support comes mostly through private insurance, which is supported by the state. It aims to fortify civil society while limiting the market. (Esping-Anderson, 1990) Sweden is an example of the socio-democratic regime in action. This Swedish model is often judged as the exemplary form of welfare state. One of the integral components is the sense of organised co-operation. (www2. rgu. ac. uk/public policy/introduction/wstate. htm) The socio-democratic regime advocates equality and universalism of high standards. This is through the state. The state is the main way of support; there are high levels of benefits. It aims to amalgamate welfare and work and promote full employment. (Esping-Anderson, 1990) The United States of America is an example of the liberal regime in action. The liberal regime advocates residualism, laissez-faire, individualism and a severe stand on poverty. These are all dominant subjects in USA debates on welfare, yet the USA does not have a unified welfare system. The predominant measures of federal provision came in the 1930’s from the Roosevelt administration. (www2. rgu. ac. uk/public policy/introduction/wstate. htm) it was called ‘the new deal’. It was instigated to be a safe-guard against market failures, which was desperately needed after the mass unemployment of the depression years. The main principle behind it was that the state should provide more than just support; it should actually protect the individual. (Miller, 2003) The liberal regime basically has a strong work ethic. Support comes through means-tested assistance. It aims to strengthen the market. (Esping-Anderson, 1990) Unemployment is a very contentious issue. The three countries all have differing ways of dealing with it. France has a twofold system of providing unemployment benefits. One of them is an unemployment insurance scheme. This scheme is when individuals are part of a national collective agreement, which is mediated by the state. This system is financed by contributions. The unemployed are allowed to receive benefits if they are a member of this scheme and it was not their own fault that they lost their job. The provision and duration of these benefits also depends on how long the individual has been part of the scheme. Its payment has two forms. These are either the basic benefits or post-entitlement benefit. (www. eurofound. ie/under. tm) The other system of unemployment benefit is a guarantee supplementary scheme. It is funded by the state and was set up in 1984. its aim is to provide unemployment benefits for widowed or divorced women, young people and other disadvantaged groups, who have not been in the job-market long enough to make substantial contribution. It also helps those who have had been in unemployment for a very long time and are no longe r eligible for the insurance scheme. Its payment comes in two forms, either a work programme allowance or a guaranteed supplementary benefit. (www. urofound. ie/under. htm) This rigid system is in stark comparison to Sweden. Their unemployment insurance benefit (UIB) has been thought to be one of the most generous in the world. It is controlled by the trade unions, finance by the state and administered by 40 voluntary societies. The level of contribution varies as it depends on the likelihood of unemployment. UIB encompasses about 3/4 of unemployed people, the rest rely on social assistance. In the 1990’s UIB came under intense pressure because of an increase in unemployment and concern to limit social expenditure. This resulted in that by the late 1990’s there was a decreased eligibility and the proportion of previous income received was slashed from 90% to 80%. There is now a far greater pressure on unemployed individuals to join in AMS schemes (Government training schemes) to indicate their availability to work. Involvement in AMS schemes permits the re-establishment of eligibility to UIB. This can be seen as a huge incentive! There is a three year benefit duration limit. Despite this limit, it is still safe to say that it is more generous and less disciplined than that of France. (Cochrane et al, 2001) In comparison to France and Sweden, welfare for unemployment is very complicated. The administration of social assistance is controlled by state or local government agencies, on a decentralised basis, even though funding does come from federal Government. However, USA welfare on employment is mainly through unemployment insurance (UI). Unemployment insurance varies significantly depending on state and local government. However, there are some principles which are relevant to most states. (www. tiss. zdu. uni) Unemployment insurance is not aimed at being long term support for the unemployed. It is designed to be a bridge till they obtain a new job. Unemployment insurance operates under very strict condition for limited periods of time. The number of covered people is relatively low. This is due to the fact that a lot of people are not eligible foe unemployment insurance. (www. law. cornell. edu/topics) Unemployment insurance is not available to the self-employed, domestic servants, farm workers, Government employees and those who have only been briefly employed. (www. buzzle. com) To actually receive unemployment benefits from the state is incredibly complex. The actual law on benefits and who is eligible to welfare schemes is very convoluted. In extreme cases, where vulnerable individuals do not even meet the criteria for schemes of federal support or assistance, may be entitled to state and local or purely state relief. This is called general assistance. (www. law. cornell. edu/topics) It has been found that the population age profile of western societies is changing. We are now living in an increasingly ageing population. The age structure of the population comes from past birth rates, increasing mortality rates, increased longevity and migration trends. This inevitably means an increase in the amount of people who will be eligible for a pension. (Baldock et al, 1999) Therefore, welfare regimes have to account for it. France has a pay-as-you-go system. (www. news. bbc. co. uk) The pay-as-you-go system is basically that the pensions that are being paid out today are being funded by taxing the employed of today. This is in stark contrast to private pension scheme (those favoured in the USA) as these are based on paying pensions out of the contributions an individual made during their entire working life. (Baldock et al, 1999) It is believed that this is going to be unsustainable. This is due to the increasing longevity and the declining birth rates. This means that in the future there will be far fewer workers to pay for the multiplying amount of pensioners. (www. news. bbc. co. uk) This is now worrying the French Government. They are now beginning to take steps to remedy the situation. One example of this can be seen by looking at a bill approved by the French Government, in May of last year. They approved a bill that meant that the amount of time that all Government employees must work in order to get a full pension increases from 37 years and 6 months to 41 years and 9 months. www. telegraph. co. uk) In comparison to Sweden, the French system leaves a lot to be desired. In Sweden, there are two mandatory statutory pension schemes. These are a basic flat-rate payment and a contributory earnings-related scheme (ATP). Both schemes are funded on a pay-as-you-go system. They are paid out of contributions from the current workforce. Every citizen and long-term r esident are entitles to the basic flat-rate pension. To get the ATP pension, they have to have a thirty year history of contribution. However, there is a supplement that can be obtained with the basic pension if an individual has no ATP or a very low level of ATP. For most of the people in Sweden, the two statutory pension schemes, replace or provide around 65% of pre-retirement gross salary. However, these pensions are liable for taxation. Also, 90% of employees in Sweden top-up the statutory schemes by covering themselves with extra occupational pension schemes. These cover various groups of employees and provide up to an extra 10% on replacement income. The extra occupational pension schemes encompass four main schemes and they work on a collective agreement. They cover people employed by local and central government as well as blue-collar workers and white-collar workers. In Sweden, in 1992, only 6. 3% of elderly households were defined as being poor after taxes, this is in stark comparison to the USA as in 1996; just over 20% of elderly households were poor. These are phenomenally different statistics. (Cochrane et al, 2001) There are two public pension schemes in the USA. They are the public flat-rate pension and the public earning related pension. The public pension scheme encompasses both the means-tested, basic-rate pension (Supplementary security income, or SSI) and the earnings related pension (Old-age, survivor and disability insurance, or OASDI). The flat-rate basic pension is financed by general federal Government revenues. However, some states give an additional small state-government supplement. All SSI pensions are subject to income and asset testing. The earnings related pensions (OASDI) are financed through contributions. It is broken down as follows: employee provides 6. 2% of earnings and the employers provide 6. 2% of payroll whereas the self-employed provide 24. % of earnings. The minimum eligibility requirement for OASDI pensions is ten years of contributions. This is also a pay-as-you-go system. However, occupational, private pension schemes are highly recommended. (www. reformmonitor. org) Family policy plays a very significant part in social security. In France, family allowance is assigned to all families with at least two children, under the age of 18, regardless of income. However, there are numerous supplementary means-tested benefits available. There is the family supplement, which is for families with three children, over the age of three. There is also the single parent allowance, adoption allowance, the parental education allowance, the special education allowance for children with disabilities and also the annual school allowance for children between the ages of 6 and 18. There is also the housing allowance; this is calculated by the expense of rent and the families’ situation. Additionally, there are also birth payments, maternity benefits and parental leave benefits. These include a means-tested young child allowance; it is available from the fourth month of gestation until the child is three years old. Also, included is a maternity benefit that increases by the amount of children plus if the mother is insured there are even more benefits. There are also paternity leave benefits, where the mother or the father can be on leave up until the child’s 3rd birthday. Since 1998, there have been means-tested allowances to decrease the cost of childcare for children under 3 years old. The childcare can be in the home (child minder) or at a registered facility. There are also allowances in childcare for 3 to 6 year olds. (www. reformmonitor. org) Like France, Sweden has a universal child allowance. This is for children under the age of 16 years. This goes up to 20 years, if they are in full-time education. Families, with more that 3 children are entitled to a large family supplement. There is also a family allowance for handicapped children who attend a public school. They also, like France, have a housing benefit. This benefit is also dependant on the expense of rent and the size of family. There are also birth payments, maternity benefits and parental leave benefits but the do not seem as good as France is. There is a paid parental leave for 450 days, which is divided up between the parents. Also, the mother gets special allowances because of reduced work ability. In Sweden, they can also claim a sick child benefit. This is available for a maximum of 60 days, per year, per sick child under the age of 12 years. There is a positive infrastructure of support services to help working parents meet their childcare obligations. It also includes the support of single parents. Since July 2001, childcare expenses were lowered for families with children in subsidised childcare facilities. With this reform came a guaranteed 3 hours a day for childcare for unemployed people. This was so that they could actively seek employment. (www. reformmonitor. org) The USA is completely different from France and Sweden. In the USA, under the temporary assistance for needy families programme (TANF), benefit payments differ widely across states. The TANF programme is to support poor families with low incomes and dependant children. It is often reduced or even stopped after a family has received benefits regularly for 6 to 24 months. This is supposed to help reduce dependence on the state. The main family assistance, which is practically available in most states, is provided through federal income tax. Families with 1 or more children are provided with an ample amount off of income tax and people who earn a very low wage plus have children are given refundable income tax benefits. Unlike both France and Sweden, there are very few employees, who are given paid parental leave, when a child is born or is sick. However, since 1995, unpaid leave for both child birth and child illness has been mandatory. There are 5 states, which do provide income replacements, subject to certain conditions, for up to 52 weeks. Federal employees do benefit from 24 hours of paid leave a year, for child related activities. Some employers, in the USA, do offer subsidised childcare facilities for their staff. However, the majority of employers do not. Federal childcare funding was provided so that states could be flexible in designing inclusive, integrated childcare facilitates, to make it easier for unemployed or single parents to get back to work. (www. reformmonitor. org) To conclude, there are some major differences between each of the welfare regimes. The biggest differences come from looking at unemployment differences and family policy. The USA is probably the most diverse plus the have all had very different consequences. However, there are similarities between some of the aspects. This comes from pensions. All regimes are based on the pay-as-you-go regime, to a certain extent. However, they all have differing success. All in all, it would be hard to say for definite that any one of them would be superior but Sweden would be a definite contender. However, it is safe to say that welfare regimes in the future could benefit from utilising the most successful parts for the present regimes and learning for the unsuccessful parts. How to cite Social security policy, Papers

Withholding and Withdrawing Medical Treatment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Withholding and Withdrawing Medical Treatment. Answer: Introduction: Autonomy of a patient who is experiencing a terminal condition cannot be considered. The Health professionals have the solemn duty of saving lives and not the opposite. When a health worker comes across a patient, then such patient can be enthused and motivated to fight against all the odds. The patient can be assured that the doctors are with him and all this family member will fight alongside him for his recovery. Respecting human dignity is at the same time a violation of being righteousness and the aspects of religion also comes into consideration. It is also important to mention that euthanasia is the deliberate act of ending a person's life in order to relieve the pain and suffering. For example- if a doctor administers an overdose of a drug to a patient suffering from a terminal illness and the overdose of a drug serve as a muscle relaxant that will end the life of the patient (NHS.uk., 2018). Euthanasia is not legal in Australia; however, Victoria became the first state in Au stralia that has legalised Euthanasia (the Guardian, 2018). The main question here is why the autonomy of a person will be considered who is in a terminal condition? Euthanasia is actually administering an overdose of the drug to a patient who is suffering from a terminal illness and the drug acts as a muscle relaxant. The withdrawal of the medical treatment is same for the patient for a patient that has either experienced a shock from an accident or is suffering from a terminal illness (Sanchini, Nardini Boniolo, 2014). The outcome of both the step leads to the death of the patient and thus both can be considered as a potential way of ending a patients life. Thus, legalising the euthanasia and the various associated steps involved with the euthanasia, it is also important to note that the withdrawal of euthanasia is a potential form of euthanasia that does not involve the administration of an overdose of a drug, but however it leads to the death of the patient (Reichlin, 2014). For example, a terminal ill patient that has already expressed his desire that if he will ever encounter a situation, where there is no chance to return back to normal l ife. Then life support services must be withdrawn from him. This is similar to the administering euthanasia to the terminally ill patient. The final outcome is actually the death of the patient and thus withdrawal of life-supporting services and administering euthanasia is all the same. From the global perspective, it can be derived that euthanasia is legalized in the several countries like Japan, South Korea, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and the in certain US states like California, Washington, Montana, Vermont, Hawaii, Colorado, Oregon and Washington. In Australia it is not legalized as a whole, however, the state of Victoria has legalized euthanasia. Thus it can be said that not every nation is for legalizing the euthanasia (the Guardian 2018). Conclusion Thus, from the above debate, it can be concluded that the ethical principles that lie underneath the withdrawal of the medical treatment and the active euthanasia are altogether the same. Legalizing euthanasia will also involve the legalizing the withdrawal at the same time. Reference NHS.uk. (2018). Euthanasia and assisted suicide. nhs.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/euthanasia-and-assisted-suicide/ Reichlin, M. (2014). On the ethics of withholding and withdrawing medical treatment. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 9(1), 39. Sanchini, V., Nardini, C., Boniolo, G. (2014). The withholding/withdrawing distinction in the end-of-life debate. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 9(1), 13. the Guardian. (2018). Euthanasia and assisted suicide laws around the world. the Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/17/euthanasia-assisted-suicide-laws-world

Various Economic Strategies For Businesses

Interview Questions for Private School Admissions

Interview Questions for Private School Admissions The private school interview is an important part of the application process. In a typical interview for fifth grade and above, the student applicant meets one-on-one with a member of the admissions staff to discuss the students interests and experiences. The interview adds a personal dimension to the application and helps the admissions staff assess whether the student will be a good fit for the school. Weve outlined below some additional common questions that interviewers at private schools may ask and some potential ways to think about answering the questions. What is your favorite/least favorite subject and why? It may be easier to start with the subject you like the best, and there is no right answer to this question. Just be authentic. If you don’t like math and adore art, your transcript and extracurricular activities probably reflect this interest, so be sure to speak genuinely about the subjects you like, and try to explain why you like them. For example, you might say something along the lines of: â€Å"Art gives me the opportunity to build things with my hands, which I enjoy.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I like solving problems in math.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have always been interested in American history since I grew up in a historic town.† In answering the question about what you like least, you can be honest, but avoid being overly negative. For example, don’t mention specific teachers you don’t like, as it’s the job of a student to learn from all teachers. In addition, avoid statements that express your dislike of work. Instead, you can say something along the lines of: â€Å"I have struggled with math in the past, because ... History hasnt been the easiest subject for me, but I’m meeting with my teacher and trying to work on it.† In other words, show that you are working hard in all your subject areas, even if they don’t come naturally to you. Who are the people you most admire? This question is asking you about your interests and values, and, again, there is no one right answer. It’s worthwhile to think about this question a bit in advance. Your answer should be consistent with your interests. For example, if you love English, you can speak about the writers you admire. You can also speak about teachers or members of your family you admire, and explain why you admire these people. For example, you can say something along the lines of: â€Å"I admire my grandfather, who came from Hong Kong and ran his own business in a new country.†I admire my dad because he is hard-working but still makes time for me.I admire my coach because she pushes us, but also explains why we need to do certain things. Teachers are an important part of private school life, and generally, students in private schools get to know their teachers quite well. You may want to speak about what you most admire in some of your current or previous teachers and reflect a bit about what you think makes a good teacher. That kind of thinking reflects maturity in a potential student. What questions do you have about our school? The interviewer may conclude the interview with an opportunity for you to ask questions, and it’s important to think about some potential questions in advance. Try to avoid generic questions such as, â€Å"What extracurricular activities do you offer?† Instead, ask questions that show you know the school well and have done your research. Think about what you can add to the school community and how the school can advance and develop your interests. For example, if you are interested in community service, you can ask about the school’s opportunities in this area. The best school for any student is the school that’s the best fit, so while you are researching the school, you can determine whether the school is a place where you will grow. The interview is another opportunity for you to find out more about the school- and for them to find out who you are. That’s why it’s best to be genuine and honest, so you can wind up at a school that’s r ight for you.

Rural Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rural Development - Case Study Example Poverty alleviation and addressing the problem of hunger remains as the priority action areas for the Niger government. Persistent landlessness, lack of business opportunities and child hunger erode the initial gains made in Niger placed last out of a total of 177 countries on the United Nations list in 2007. The U.N. aid had stated that 300,000 children under the age of five facing the risk of death from malnutrition every year in the Sahel region which encompasses Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, among others. The hunger problem which afflicted the country had stemmed from the apathy that was present in the Niger government. Thus, the government failed to fulfill its serious obligation to provide food to its citizens. (Mousseau and Millant, 2007) Business conditions have dire prospects. Niger's population lives on less than a dollar a day. The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was $320 in 2007. Approximately 40 percent of the Niger children suffer from chronic malnutrition and Niger's less than five years old mortality rate is very high. (Mosseau and Mittal, 2006) The regional integration of West African countries via the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), meant to assure an adequate food supply in the region. However, this organization failed to establish a regulatory mechanism that to ensure food supply and stable food prices. Irregular food production, exchange rates, government policies, international commodity prices, and regional conflicts exacerbated the hunger crisis. High food prices led to the sale of livestock, capital goods, and land, thus putting more people at a high poverty risk.The Government must do three tasks. First, attain food availability for all of its citizens soon. It has done this based on recent developments. The Board of Directors of the World Bank's International Development Association (IDA) had approved the request of the Niger Government for a grant of CFAF 3 billion (US$7 million) to finance the Emergency Food Security Support Project in August 2008. The main objectives of the grant are to pro vide support for irrigated rice production and to achieve household food security.The State of Niger will supplement this grant with resources derived from mineral exploitation. The hike in the food prices during the Ramadan period made the Government subsidize the prices of consumed food products. This operation provided 3,000 metric tons of rice and sugar on the market at half the real price. The Government has channelled CFAF 11 billion (US$25 million) for trade channels for the marketing of cowpea.Second, the government must establish an arrangement with its major food suppliers to deliver food to the country on a regular basis by setting up a Food Exchange Market and funding it through its mineral resources. Third, the government can promote a holistic training in skills and education to make available a healthy and well-educated work force which can generate substantial income for their families and communities. Rural development in the NorthRural development is responsible for economic regeneration among the countries in the North, particularly the UK.

Arts Advocacy Statement and Pamphlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arts Advocacy Statement and Pamphlet - Essay Example Artistic aptitude is an amazing ability and it is very significant for our children for their better mental approach. Art helps to enhance the childrens ability to have a better perception of the world and tends to get them to adopt a better way of communication and expression. Art helps children to make an open appearance and reveal their hidden talent and skills. Therefore, for a successful and flourishing life track, you must try to develop artistic skills in your child. Now a question arises as to what are the important factors that are necessary for the artistic development in your child. When your child starts performing certain activities, you need to develop art in his activities. Every child has a hidden artist in their inner self and parents or teachers can examine very well what kind of artistic intuition is growing within a child. Some children love to make drawings and some love to use brushes to handle colours. Some love music and few have the ability to be great composers. So every child has his/her own inclination towards various categories of art. The four disciplines of art have a diverse arrangement among artistic abilities such as drawing, print-making, painting, drama, music and dance. All these classifications are the basic skills that can be found in oneself to create a better perception of life. Home is the first basic learning institute and whatever skills a child uses to learn at home, no institute around the world could impart these skills to children. To develop art in your child and have your child able to have a better overview of any situation in life, you need to develop your child’s interest in all of the above given mediums of art. Education is an entirely different thing, but any skill or talent in a child can add more to his education with the help of artistic qualities. Art is the thing that never cares for substantial measures and children also

Bibliography of Raphael Linkin Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Raphael Linkin - Annotated Bibliography Example Raphael Lemkin was born in Imperial Russia in the village named Bezwodne. He was referred to as Rafal Lemkin. Lemkin’s parents were Joseph and Bella Lemkin. He had two siblings. His father was a farmer whereas his mother was a highly educated woman who engaged in philosophical, linguistic, and art-related works. Lemkin’s was greatly influenced by his mother and the achievements she was able to attain. At the age of 14years, for example, he was well versed with about 14 languages, an aspect that was difficult to many people (Hovannisian 125). Raphael Lemkin attended a local trade school and upon graduation, he went to Ukraine to study Linguistics at John Casmir University. While at the university, Raphael Lemkin developed an interest in the field of criminology and thus the issue of genocide. This urge made him to enroll in the University of Heidelberg located in Germany for a degree in philosophy. It was later that he studied law and became a prosecutor. He advanced gradually into his lawyer occupation (Hovannisian 127). In regard to his career and work experience, Lemkin worked for different law firms in different capacities. In 1929-1934, Lemkin worked as a public prosecutor in Warsaw as well as a secretary to the Committee on Codification of the Laws of the Republic of Polish. In 1930, he was promoted to be a deputy prosecutor. One of his achievements at this level was the translation of The Polish Penal Code of 1932, from Polish to English. He did this in collaboration with Malcolm McDermott, a law professor at Duke University (Martin par 7). His interest in crime grew day after day and it brought about the issue of genocide which was founded on the American Genocide. The Simile Massacre of 1933 in Iraq also fueled the genocide concept. It was in 1934 that Lemkin resigned his job for a position of a private solicitor.

Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products English Language Essay

Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products English Language Essay I recommend that you start with The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution treatment found at the beginning of Home Cooked Hemorrhoid Treatments. This treatment uses a highly potent natural astringent (a substance that contracts the tissues or canals of the body, thereby diminishing discharges, as of mucus or blood) that will shrink your hemorrhoids and set you well on the path to success. Hemorrhoids are defined as an itching or painful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue. Some of the symptoms are itching, pain, swelling and bleeding in the anus. They are caused by straining when having a bowel movement due to constipation or pregnancy. With the many home remedies available, you can finally trash the Preparation H, pads and medications that only provide minimally temporary relief for what feels to be excruciating and eternal torture. When the discomfort begins, you dont want short-term relief, you need a permanent solution that will relinquish your hemorrhoid issues to history, once and for-all. There are home remedies for just about everything; from toenail fungus, to sunburn, and the distressful and agitating affliction of hemorrhoids. Tried and true home remedies, some used by the pioneers of our country, can safely resolve most ailments without harmful side effects. They are very cost effective as well, which is great to know with the current charge for prescription medications. Effective doesnt have to equal expensive. Your own struggle is likely to have been costly and unsatisfying if you are still searching for other means to soothe your hemorrhoid flare-ups. Dont give up when all of the methods prescribed by your doctor have failed. The solutions outlined in this book are ways that have been used by many people throughout the ages with success. With this information, it is finally time to discover the treatment that will work for you. What makes Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products? Simply, its the ingredients. Most of the common hemorrhoid products on the market, like pills, creams and suppositories are made with chemicals that can have adverse side effects. Side effects such as diarrhea, nausea or/and headache. Why take something that is going to make you feel even worse than you already do? Homeopathic or natural products dont have any adverse side effects. Also remember that natural remedies, not only treat, but also cure hemorrhoids, while the chemical based products only temporarily help your hemorrhoids. If you use a natural remedy, then you dont have to worry about having surgery and the risks and complications that go with it. Once you find the natural remedy that works for you, then you never have to worry about hemorrhoids again. Healing and curing your hemorrhoids has a lot to do with the ingredients that you put into your body. Are you looking for a temporary solution, or are you are looking for a cure for your hemorrhoids? As we will talk about later, Witch Hazel, Butchers Broom and horse chestnut, as well as other natural remedies, are the prevailing ingredients to fix your hemorrhoids herbally. So lets look at the the ingredients in some of the popular brands that you can buy at your local pharmacy or drug store. Venapro: Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, St. Marys Thistle, Stone Root, Krameria Mapato, Arnica Montana, Muriatic Acid and Fluoride of Lime. Hem-Relief: Witch Hazel Leaf, Horse Chestnut and Ginger Root Avatrol: Horse Chestnut, Arginine, Oat Straw, Cascara Sagrada, Bilberry, Butchers Broom, Mullein, Cayenne and Zinc. Homeopathic remedies that you can try are Bryonin (a bitter principle obtained from the root of the Bryony plant), Buckthorn (Buckthorn is considered a last resort treatment for constipation, or in cases where soft stool is desirable such as with hemorrhoids), Aloe and Dandelion. All of these can be used for constipation or hemorrhoids and can be found at your local health food store. So it should be obvious, none of the natural ingredients will give you any bad side effects. Be that as it may, looking at the ingredients in Preparation H or Tucks, no matter what type these medications come in, such as gels, foams, pads, ointments, suppositories or creams, you should be worried about the ingredients that are in these medications like: corticosteroids, vasoconstrictors, analgesics, anesthetics, and antiseptics. A vasoconstrictor called Phenlephrine is one of the main ingredients in Preparation H, which increases blood pressure. Some of the other ingredients are Shark Liver Oil, Mineral Oil and Petrolatum. These are protective ingredients. Ask your doctor before buying any of these temporary fix medications, especially if you have heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and/or thyroid disease because the side effects could be contraindicative. Most over the counter or OTC medications that you can buy at your local pharmacy or super market are made up of mostly inactive ingredients like: additives, petrochemicals, colorings and dyes. Be aware of what you are putting in or on your body. Lets look at the ingredients in a Tucks Pad. Although Witch Hazel makes up 50% of the ingredients, the other 50% are inactive ingredients which are: Propulparaben, Water, Alcohol, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Glycerin, Methylparaben, Propylene Glycol, and Diazolidinyl. Tucks Suppositories: 51% Topical starch and 49% inactive ingredients: Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate and Benzol Alcohol. Anusol Suppositories: Active ingredients are Pramoxine HCl and Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate. The non-active ingredients are Mineral Oil, Paraben, Calcium Phosphate, OTeth-2 and Petroleum. Anusol Cream consists of Balsam Peru, Bismuth Oxide and Zinc Oxide as the active ingredients. Methyl Hydroxybenzoate, Glycerol Monosterate, Titanium Dioxide, Liquid Paraffin, Sorbitan, Stearate and Water make up the inactive ingredients. The active ingredients in Tucks Ointment are Hydrochloride, Peruvian Balsam, Pramoxine and Mineral Oil. The inactive ingredients are Glycerol Monostearate, Kaolin and Benzl Benzoate. These are just a few of the common over the counter, medications. Just look at the ingredients and decide what you want to put into your body. All of these are chemical based, quick-fix medications. Wouldnt you prefer natural and safe ingredients? Just because there is a long list of ingredients does not make the product better, safer or more effective. The safe and reliable ingredients found in homeopathic and herbal solutions for hemorrhoids are the right ingredients for you. Less is more when it comes to homeopathic and herbal solutions and in the long run, they are better for you. Now that you have all of the information, you decide which is better. You Dont Know Squat? Since we are talking about the cure and prevention of hemorrhoids, there is one thing I would like to mention that I bet you never heard, or even thought of. One thing you can do for yourself in eliminating the problem of painful hemorrhoids is to change your position when you are having a bowel movement. Im sure that when you feel the urge to have a bowel movement, you just go to the restroom and sit right down and begin your business. Why not? Its the way you have been doing it since you were potty trained as a child. Its the normal position to sit in to those who arent cavemen or cavewomen, wiping their butts with leaves. Should you sit or squat when you are using the restroom? Does it really matter? It has been proven after all these years of going to the bathroom. We find out now that we have been doing it all wrong. Really? After all the years following the invention of the toilet seat, we dont even know how to use the restroom the right way? And because of this, we are prone to problems that hurt our bodies. Problems such as hemorrhoids, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), prostate and colorectal cancer are a few. All of this is because we sit like kings and queens on the toilet throne, instead of squatting. I know what you are thinking, but its true, squatting. I know it sounds weird and seems like it would be uncomfortable when you are doing what you do in the restroom. So lets look at the benefits of squatting. After this, youll have to go through potty training all over again just to know how to squat. While you are sitting all comfy and cozy on your throne, its difficult to understand how you are hurting yourself. Sitting causes you to strain because the anal canal is all bent out of shape. It is supposed to be in a straight line. Straining while youre constipated is what causes the hemorrhoid problem. If you squat, it puts the anal canal in the straight position as it is supposed to be. This eliminates all the grunting and groaning from straining. Believe it or not, sitting to have a bowel movement causes all types of things to go wrong inside your body. Squatting will eliminate these problems. Squatting is a natural prevention for hemorrhoids and other medical problems when it comes to the lower digestive system. All you have to do now is learn the benefits of squatting instead of sitting. Try it out. It will help prevent hemorrhoids. If you try all of the remedies in this book, you will find a combination that will work for you and end your frustration with hemorrhoids. Give it a shot. Because all of these options are natural, you can experiment all you want and not worry about any harmful side effects. You will find a remedy that is right for you. Home Cooked Hemorrhoid Treatments Im going to introduce you to an old family remedy that has been created using eastern medical practices. We call it The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution and it is based on the Alum Crystal. It can be found in the form of several different compounds. Alum powder is simply the ground up version of the crystals. Cranesbill is a plant based powder with similar astringent properties that can be substituted for Alum. You can buy Alum for a low price in most Asian countries. It is hardly ever used in the west, but isnt difficult to find in Asian markets around the U.S. and on-line. Cranesbill is indigenous to North America. All you have to do is dissolve some of the Alum crystals, Alum powder or Cranesbill into a very concentrated solution, then store it in a jar. Mix the Alum crystal, Alum powder or Cranesbill with warm water, in a jar, at a ratio of one to five. For example, if you use one scoop of the crystals, then mix it with five scoops of warm water. The size of the scoop is going to depend on how much you want to make. Youre going to use approximately one ounce per day, so a pint will last you about two weeks. Stir it occasionally to help speed up dissolution. Once fully dissolved, you will have a very concentrated solution. Whenever you need it just take a couple of teaspoons out and make a diluted solution that you can then wash your anal rectal area on the outside. Mix 2 or 3 teaspoons of the concentrated solution into a pan filled with enough water that you can sit in and soak your butt. This is a highly diluted solution. It needs to be because Alum and Cranesbill are quite strong and, as you know, your anus is very sensitive. Do this for five minutes at least two times per day, usually once in the morning and once at night. Three times a day could work better if you arent too sensitive to the solution. Your hemorrhoids can begin to shrink in as little as 4 to 5 sessions (about 2 days), but sometimes it can take up to several days before the effects are noticeable. The solution is not to be used internally; its a topical solution. The astringent solution is actually shrinking your hemorrhoid. The shrinking of the hemorrhoid means that it is returning to its proper condition and is what causes the bleeding to stop. This is one of the most powerful solutions for curing hemorrhoids. You should use this method in conjunction with the other relief methods talked about in The Hemorrhoids Solution to maximize your healing power. There are two general practices that should be adhered to while using The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution along with the other remedies that are mentioned in the book. First of all, try not to be forceful when having a bowel movement. Straining puts excessive pressure on the anus and irritates hemorrhoids. Avoiding this and keeping the pressure off will help alleviate your hemorrhoids. This is especially true for hemorrhoids due to constipation and pregnancy. Please dont strain while youre trying to have a bowel movement. Next, after you have a bowel movement, take a warm sitz bath to clean and relax your anus. If this is not possible, use some toilet paper dipped in warm water to thoroughly clean your anus. This is a necessary practice to keep your hemorrhoids from becoming inflamed while following the additional treatments. We will discuss diet later in the book, but along with The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution, diet is especially helpful if your hemorrhoids bleed frequently. Sweet potatoes, a vegetarian only diet, and a minimum of 8-10 glasses of water per day are the way to go until the bleeding stops. Sweet potatoes and yams are an excellent source of fiber. Eat at least 4 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Avoid meats and any products containing wheat. Also, stay away from artificial sweeteners, such as those in diet sodas. They are indigestible and can aggravate constipation. Natural sugars and fruits are alright. You need to keep your stool soft and give those bleeding hemorrhoids time to heal. So you need to get yourself onto a very strict diet for a little while. This is VERY important. Combine this with the other methods in this book and your hemorrhoids will stop bleeding. So take these methods to heart, and your hemorrhoid problems should settle down and disappear. The next home cooked remedy is the Formula 44 Hemorrhoid Compress. Ingredients: 1 tsp (teaspoon) of crushed Calendula 1tsp of Goldenseal powder 1tsp Peppermint leaf 3 cups of water One half cup of Witch Hazel Directions: Cover the water and herbs and bring them to a boil. After you turn off the heat, let the mixture saturate the water for 20 minutes. Then save the liquid and disregard the rest. After the mixture has cooled off, add another 1/2 cup of witch hazel. Find a clean cloth, soak in the liquid, wring out and then apply to your hemorrhoid. You can repeat this as often as necessary. Here is a list of remedies that will work within an hour: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Put 3-4 tablespoons of raw cranberries into a blender. Take a tablespoon of the blended cranberries and wrap them into a cheese cloth. Put this against your anus and keep it in place with some snug fitting underwear. After about an hour, replace the compress with a new one. You can do this twice per day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Geranium and Lavender- Mix 2 drops of Geranium oil, 2-3 drops of lavender oil and 1 ounce of almond oil into a dark bottle with a dropper top. Shake the mixture well. Apply a few drops to your anus using your finger or a cotton ball. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There is an over the counter product called Liquid Lecithin. Apply some of this solution to your hemorrhoid 1-2 times per day until you have relief. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make a wash solution using lobelia extract, baptisia extract and zinc sulfate for itching and swelling. Combine these ingredients in water. Use equal parts of all ingredients. After you mix everything, use it to wash the affected area. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Blend sulfur and vaseline and apply to your hemorrhoids 2-3 times per day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Apple Cider Vinegar will keep your hemorrhoids from bleeding. Add 2 tsp of the vinegar to a glass of water and drink with each meal. Also you can add the vinegar to a cotton ball and apply directly to your hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If itching and pain is your problem, try applying extract of Echinacea directly to your hemorrhoids. Soothing Ointments and Salves Ointments and salves can be applied directly to the anus and provide soothing relief. There are many available thar are made from all-natural ingredients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Comfrey Herbal Salve The ingredients in this salve include comfrey root, St. John Wart flower and bud, Calendula Flower, Plantain Leaf, Chickweed herb and Mullein Leaf. For this method to work you need to clean the area and then put the salve on the anus or slightly into the rectum. You will want to do this before you go to sleep at night. You can do this for 6 days, stop on day 7 and then repeat on the 8th day. Take one week off after using this treatment for 6 weeks in a row and keep the salve refrigerated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Veri-Gone Salve Use this for minor cases of hemorrhoids. The ingredients include Witch Hazel, Echinacea Extract, Calendula Extract, Chamomile Essentials Oil, Alcohol and distilled water. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ghee-Turmeric Salve Mix 2 tsp of Ghee (a kind of liquid butter, used especially in the cooking of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling) with half a tsp of Turmeric Powder. Apply directly onto your hemorrhoids at bedtime. Use this for 3 nights in a row and then stop for 2 nights. Continue with this pattern until your hemorrhoids are gone. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bay Berry, Goldenseal Root, Myrrh and White Oak blended as salves work just as well, if not better than the expensive over the counter hemorrhoid medications that you can buy at your local drug store or pharmacy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Zinc Oxide Ointment Works as an astringent, antiseptic and as an antibacterial agent. You can buy this product at any pharmacy. It is used to keep your hemorrhoids dry and reduces itching. You can use this often and especially before you go to sleep. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pilewort Ointment An astringent that will stop bleeding hemorrhoids. Apply to your external hemorrhoid at bedtime and never use internally. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Calendula Ointment This will reduce inflammation and has a soothing affect. You can apply this directly to your hemorrhoids as often as needed. It is an antibacterial as well as an astringent product that stops the bleeding of your hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fel Ursi Hemorrhoid Ointment An herbal ointment that will relieve your symptoms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment Relieves the burning associated with hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fargelin Extra Strength for bleeding hemorrhoids. Relief Using Pills, Capsules and Suppositories We talked about salves and ointments to treat your hemorrhoid symptoms. Now lets talk about some pills and capsules that you can buy over the counter to help relieve your symptoms. All of these products can be ordered on line or you can buy them at your local health food store or Chinese Herbal Therapy store. With all of this information to cure your hemorrhoid symptoms at your disposal, Preparation H and or surgery are not your only options. There are so many safe and natural remedies for you to try before deciding to go through painful surgery. Relieving your hemorrhoid symptoms can be as easy as taking a few natural pills or capsules with a glass of water. Some of the most popular products out there that you can buy are 100% natural. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid Therapy Capsule One of the most popular products used to stop bleeding, reduce swelling and inflammation and reducing pain. Sanguisorba, Coptis Root, Mistletoe and Chrysanthemum Flowers are the ingredients. Just take 3 capsules 3 times a day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid Quick Peace Tablet You can use this medication on either internal, or external hemorrhoids, or both. This medication will loosen up your bowel movement, stop pain and bleeding, and reduce swelling. Ampelopis Root, Sophora Flower, Sumac Gullnut, Black Bean and Pigs Bile are the ingredients in this product. The normal regimen is 4 tablets, 3 times every day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Phergelin An all-natural herbal remedy in capsule form for hemorrhoid prevention and treatment. This product will help eliminate discomfort such as itching, burning, and bleeding. Take 1-2 capsules in the morning and in the evening with water for a 3 week period. Hemorrhoid symptoms may become a part of your daily life until you deal with them. It can provide essential herbal nutrients to your body to help ease bowel movements and ease the cause of the pain. Strengthening the internal veins, it will remove the root of the problem and help you remove the stress caused by your hemorrhoids. Frankincense, Myrrh resin, Tangkwei root, Japanese pagoda tree flower, Garden burnet root, Hairyvein agrimonia whole plant, Sanchi root and Honeysuckle flower are the active ingredients in this product. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid Calming Tablet It calms the burning sensations and alleviates dryness associated with hemorrhoids. Take 3-4 tablets, 3 times per day. Consists of sanguisorba, biota leaf, sophora flower, tangkuei, scutellaria, white peony root. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Yunnan Notoginseng Capsule This medication can be used for several complaints such as: removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, quickening blood circulation, alleviating pains, detoxification and reducing swelling. It can be used in treatment for traumatic injury, stagnated blood and oncotic pains, spitting blood, hemoptysis, hematochezia, hemorrhoid hemorrhage, metrorrhagia, metrostaxia, suppurative infection on body surface and pyogenic infections, contusion of soft tissues, closed fracture, hemoptysis of bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis, hemorrhage of peptic ulcer and infection diseases of skin. Take 1-2 capsules 4 times per day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Venapro Treatment for hemorrhoids does not require a prescription from a doctor. Since it is all natural, you do not have to worry about any side effects. It promotes the flow of blood to the rectal area and relieves pain associated with hemorrhoids. It also treats damaged tissue and lubricates sensitive parts. The active ingredients in Venapro are: Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, St. Marys Thistle, Stone Root, Krameria Mapato, Arnica Montana, Muriatic Acid and Fluoride of Lime. You can get Venapro by clicking on the following link: http://thehemorrhoidssolution.com/recommends/venapro à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Avatrol An all-natural supplement that you can use for the uncomfortable symptoms of hemorrhoids. It is a treatment that can be used to help with any kind of hemorrhoids. In fact, one of the biggest advantages of this treatment is its versatility. There are many treatments for hemorrhoids that only have the ability to help hemorrhoids of one particular type or form, but this one can do it all. It will eliminate pain, swelling, bleeding and that irritating itching. The ingredients are Horse Chestnut, Arginine, Oat Straw, Casara Sagrada, Bilberry, Butchers Broom, Mullein, Cayenne and Zinc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hem-Relief Another all natural product that will help to reduce swelling and inflammation, along with healing anal tissue is called. 3 simple ingredients that make up Hem-Relief are Witch Hazel Leaf, Horse Chestnut Leaf and Ginger Root. There are other remedies as well, other than pills and capsules. You may have been prescribed suppositories or granule medications by your doctor that caused you to have adverse side effects. Well, here are some all natural suppositories and granule products that dont have those harsh side effects. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Suppository It goes straight to the source of the problem and reduces pain, swelling and bleeding. To use this product, simply insert the suppository into the rectum 2 times per day. Try this once in the morning and once in the evening. The ingredients in this suppository are Synthetic Musk, Bezoar, Pearl, Borneol, Notoginseng, Chinese Gall and Calamine. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid-Transforming Suppository This product will stop bleeding, relieve pain, diminish inflammation, resolve toxins and promotes contractions. This product can be used for internal or external hemorrhoids. Just like the last suppository mentioned this product can be used up to two times per day. Ingredients: Flavescent sophora root, phellodendron bark, datura flower and borneol. If you dont like the idea of pushing something up into your rectum, you can also try medications in the form of granules. These are supplements that can be mixed with water or food. Hemorrhoid-Inflammation-Disappearing Granule Will stop bleeding and constipation, reduce swelling and inflammation and ease your hemorrhoid pain. To take this herbal remedy just mix 1-2 tsp of the granules in a glass of warm water. Drink this solution 3 times per day. The ingredients in this product are Capillaris, Bitter Orange, Notoginseng, Honey Suckle, Sanguisorba Root, Hemp Seed, Beauty-berry Leaf, Sophora Flower, Peony Root and Capillaris. You can also use garlic and onion as a suppository. This method will reduce inflammation and swelling, eliminate bacteria and strengthen the veins in your anus. Cut the onion to match the same size of the garlic clove. Insert the garlic and onion slightly into the rectum just before going to bed. Leave them there until morning when you have your regular bowel movement and they will come out automatically. Only use this method if bleeding is NOT one of your symptoms. Aloe Vera There are so many things you can use fresh aloe for and hemorrhoids is one of them. Use the aloe directly from the plant. Also you can cut the aloe into strips and freeze them in a Tupperware or similar container. After they get cold, take one aloe strip and place into your anus for immediate releif. You can do this twice a day, morning and night, as long as your hemorrhoids arent inflamed. If so, then just wait for the swelling and pain to subside. Now that you have a pretty complete list of some all-natural products that you can buy at your local health food store, for more information on them just do an online search. That being said, if you dont have the time or money to spend on your hemorrhoid problem, you can use the most natural substance on the planet. Thats right, WATER (frozen of course). Just chip or crack off a small piece of ice and use it like a suppository. It will relieve pain, swelling and bleeding. This will help alleviate your symptoms as it melts in your rectum. With this method you will notice that you are wetting up your underwear. It would be a good idea to find a product like an adult diaper to keep your clothes and sheets dry as you can do this process 5-6 times per day. Every single one of these products assists in eliminating your hemorrhoid symptoms. The dosages and ingredients are similar but different with each product. Also remember this; while you are curing the problem of hemorrhoids, these same products that you have been taking with their natural ingredients are great in helping with other medical conditions as well. Pretty cool how one natural medication is a cure all for other problems too! Self-Help Remedies and Tips There are many other simple solutions made from easily obtainable items and herbs. Try a variety to see what works best for you. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Baby Wipes soaked with Witch Hazel It is very important to keep the problem area clean. You dont want to do this with hard, course toilet paper. One thing you should try is baby wipes soaked in witch hazel. Just go to your supermarket and buy some baby wipes, or any pre-moistened wipes and add a bottle of witch hazel. Use these to wipe your bottom every time you have a bowel movement. There is a really good chance that the witch hazel will take the pain and itching away. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lemon juice Just saturate a cotton ball with some real lemon juice. Wipe the hemorrhoid with the saturated cotton ball. This may tingle or burn just a little but this will go away immediately. It will instantly take away your itching and burning. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Touch-Me-Not plant Boil this plant, it has been said that the vapors alone will help your hemorrhoids. Another thing you can do is make a paste of the leaves and apply directly to external hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cayenne pepper extract For quick relief of a hemorrhoid flare-up with bleeding, mix a teaspoonful of this, also called capsicum and a main ingredient in many pepper sauces, in a small glass of water and drink it. For many people, this will provide quick shrinkage and relief of the hemorrhoid. It acts to lower blood pressure and boost circulation, providing an almost instant calming effect on inflamed hemorrhoids. It doesnt work for everyone, but can be a powerful aid if it does. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cayenne and Garlic Mix the cayenne and garlic in warm water and use as an enema. You will experience almost instant relief. Liquids There are more liquids than just water that will help you. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 3 tsp of Karele Juice in a glass of buttermilk every morning for a month should do the trick. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Blend the juices of turnip leaves, watercress and spinach. Pour this blended concoction into a glass and drink away your hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bananas Boil a ripe banana in a cup of milk and drink 3 of these per day. Herbal Solutions Some other herbal medications for your hemorrhoid problem are (you will notice some of these have been mentioned often): Barberry, Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, Slippery Elm, Butchers Brew, White Oak Bark, Mango Seeds and White radish are good do it yourself home remedies for hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Olive Oil They say that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, well a tablespoon of Olive Oil each morning will help keep your hemorrhoids away. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Onions and Honey Slice the onion and mix with honey. Put this mixture on a pad and put it directly on your hemorrhoid for 3 hours. This will give you some comfort. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Almond oil Warm up some almond oil and pour over a baby wipe or similar product and apply directly to area. Good Results. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Baking Soda and Water Create a paste and apply to your hemorrhoid to get rid of that pesky itching. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Passion Fruit (4 grams) with water (one quarter cup) Use on moist wipe or cloth when cleaning yourself. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Goats milk, black mustard and sugar Blend these ingredients together and drink several times per day. This is especially helpful for bleeding hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Vitamin E Oil This product works with hemorrhoids as well as burns. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Vaseline Apply a little bit of Vaseline to Q-tip and apply half an inch into the rectum. This will also ease your bowel movement and keep the stool from irritating the rectum or anus. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dont Scratch I know this is difficult, sometimes they just itch sooooo badly, but scratching your itchy hemorrhoids is bad because it can irritate the walls of the veins and make matters worse. Better to apply a calming salve to tame the itch. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No Heavy Lifting If you have to move anything heavy you really should have someone to help or do the heavy lifting for you. Also stay clear of strenuous exercise. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Get yourself a Bidet A bidet is a low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia, inner buttocks, and anus. It is usually attached to your bathroom toilet. It leaves you clean and refreshed like sitting in a sitz bath. Some tips: Avoid heavy and/or spicy foods(except in the cas